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Background As the most basic unit of infectious disease prevention and control，community health service institutions are the frontline and important gateway for the prevention and control of infectious disease. Primary care physicians are responsible for epidemic surveillance，vaccination，health promotion and assistance to centers for disease control in investigating and disposing outbreaks and public health emergencies in their districts，and play an active role in disease prevention and control by groups，susceptible population protection，infectious source control and health education，as well as the effective prevention and control of infectious diseases. Objective To understand the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and treat infectious diseases in the community，analyse their existing problems and shortcomings，design and conduct a series of intensive training related to infectious diseases for improving the capacity of infectious disease prevention and control at the primary level；To evaluate the effectiveness of online continuing medical education，so as to provide a reference for better continuing medical education on infectious diseases in the community. Methods All participants of the National Community Infectious Diseases Continuing Education Conference held by the Department of Family Medicine of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital in November 2021 were selected as research subjects from November 2021 to March 2022. The questionnaires were distributed to all registered attendees before and after the conference through the QR code of the questionnaire star，and the content of pre-conference questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the participants，participation in infectious disease training in the community since started working，diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in the community，subjective attitudes towards the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the community（willingness to manage infectious diseases in the community，satisfaction with their own infectious disease management skills），expertise in infectious disease prevention and control and knowledge related to conference content，attitude towards hepatitis B. The content of the post-conference questionnaire mainly included knowledge about the content of conference，attitude towards hepatitis B and satisfaction survey of this online conference. A total of 301 primary care physicians completed the questionnaire before and after the conference，and a total of 194 completed the questionnaire before and after the conference. Results Among all participants，166 （55.1%） had attended infectious disease training in the community，of whom 49（29.5%） were satisfied with their infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability；135（44.8%） had not attended the training，of whom 22（16.3%） were satisfied with their infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability. 143（86.1 %） of 166 participants who had attended infectious disease training in the community indicated their willingness to manage community infectious diseases，99（73.3%） of 135 participants who had not attended infectious disease training in the community indicated their willingness to manage community infectious diseases. 66（27.3%） of participants who were satisfied with their infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability indicated their willingness to manage community infectious diseases. The top three infectious disease tests conducted by the institutions were hepatitis B，AIDS，and hepatitis C；the top three infectious diseases treated in the past six months were hepatitis B，influenza，hand，foot and mouth disease. Different self-evaluation and willingness to train may affect the willingness to manage community infectious diseases（P<0.05）. Among the participants who completed the questionnaire both before and after the conference，the highest correct answer rate for compulsory management of statutory infectious diseases before the conference was 89.7%，the owest accuracy rate for the type of disinfection of the COVID-19 infection was only 17.0%，the correct rates of other questions ranged from 34.0% to 40.7%. The correct rates of the questions after the conference were higher than those before the conference，and the correct rates ranged from 48.9% to 52.6%. The score of attitude towards hepatitis B after the conference was higher than that before the conference （P<0.05）. In terms of feedback after conference，254（98.1%） expressed satisfaction in the total of 259 questionnaires. In terms of suggestions for online conference，179（69.1%） and 174（67.2%） participants believed that online fluency and online interaction need to be improved. Conclusion The primary care physicians receive relatively less infectious diseases training in the community，inadequate infectious diseases training in the community can improve the confidence of self-competence，attitude of active management of infectious diseases and diagnosis and treatment ability in the primary care physicians. The future direction of continuing medical education should focus on the training of emerging infectious diseases and novel medical concepts，relevant experts should be invited to comment on the necessity and effectiveness of training in the community. © 2023 Chinese General Practice. All rights reserved.
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OBJECTIVE: There is concern that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine may trigger or worsen autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of COVID-19 vaccination on symptom severity in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS: A total of 106 enrolled patients with MG who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were followed up, and a questionnaire was used to document in detail the exacerbation of muscle weakness after vaccination and all other uncomfortable reactions after vaccination. Demographic, clinical characteristics, medication, and vaccination data were collected by follow-up interview. The main observation outcome was whether the MG symptoms of patients were exacerbated. The definition of exacerbation is according to the subjective feeling of the patient or a 2-point increase in daily life myasthenia gravis activity score relative to before vaccination, within 30 days after vaccination. RESULTS: Of 106 enrolled patients [median age (SD) 41.0 years, 38 (35.8%) men, 53 (50.0%) with generalized MG, 74 (69.8%) positive for acetylcholine receptor antibody, and 21 (19.8%) with accompanying thymoma], muscle weakness symptoms were stable in 102 (96.2%) patients before vaccine inoculation. Muscle weakness worsened in 10 (9.4%) people after vaccination, of which 8 patients reported slight symptom worsening that resolved quickly (within a few days). Two (1.9%) of patients showed serious symptom aggravation that required hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that inactivated virus vaccines against COVID-19 may be safe for patients with MG whose condition is stable. Patients with generalized MG may be more likely to develop increased muscle weakness after vaccination.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Myasthenia Gravis , Thymus Neoplasms , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Muscle Weakness , Myasthenia Gravis/complications , Thymus Neoplasms/complications , Vaccination/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused great attention around the world. SARS-CoV-2 possesses characteristics of faster transmission, immune escape, and occult transmission by many mutation, which caused still grim situation of prevention and control. Early detection and isolation of patients are still the most effective measures at present. So, there is an urgent need for new rapid and highly sensitive testing tools to quickly identify infected patients as soon as possible. This review briefly introduces general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and provides recentl overview and analysis based on different detection methods for nucleic acids, antibodies, antigens as detection target. Novel nano-biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection are analyzed based on optics, electricity, magnetism, and visualization. In view of the advantages of nanotechnology in improving detection sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the research progress of new nano-biosensors is introduced in detail, including SERS-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, magnetic nano-biosensors and colorimetric biosensors. Functions and challenges of nano-materials in construction of new nano-biosensors are discussed, which provides ideas for the development of various coronavirus biosensing technologies for nanomaterial researchers.
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In 2020, a new coronavirus swept the world, and the advent of this disease has a huge impact on our social and economic development. Due to the limited medical resources and regional differences, this model of virtual medicine becomes more valuable. In this paper, we create a virtual medical space based on a metaverse in order to investigate whether the medical model can be freely transformed between virtual and reality. In this process, I first describe different scenarios of virtual medical care in mixed reality, and then we use one of them as an example to develop a medical device. Then we designed the software and hardware of the product and performed the user experience, it includes the interaction and usage scenarios that affect the user. Finally, this medical device will be demonstrated by user experience and feedback. © 2023 The authors and IOS Press.
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Pickering emulsions were prepared by phacoemulsification in an ice water bath with squalene as the oil phase and an aluminum adjuvant as the particle stabilizer. The effects of formulation and process conditions on the size and distribution of the Pickering emulsions were investigated. Pickering emulsions prepared under the optimal prescription and process conditions were mixed with a peptide antigen to obtain a peptide vaccine. The optimal prescription and process condition of the Pickering emulsion is as follows: squalene as the oil phase, ultra-pure water as the water phase with 5 mg/ml aluminum adjuvant, and an ultrasonication time of 4 min at 200 W power. BALB/c mice were immunized with the peptide vaccine, and the ability of the Pickering emulsion as an immunological adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the peptide vaccine was evaluated. Under optimal conditions, a Pickering emulsion with a small particle size (430.8 nm), uniform distribution (polydispersion index of 16.9%), and zeta potential of 31.5 mV, was obtained. Immunological results showed that the serum specific antibody level in the vaccinated group reached 1×104 after three immunizations. The proportion of CD4+T cells and CD4/CD8 cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the vaccinated groups than the blank control group. Further, cytokine (TNF-α) secretion decreased in the aluminum adjuvant and Pickering emulsion groups but increased in the Freund's adjuvant group. All three vaccinated groups of mice exhibited low but detectable levels of IFN-γ secretion. © 2023
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This article mainly studies the mental health status and influencing factors of Chinese college students based on SCL-90 during the new crown pneumonia epidemic. Retrieve documents on the mental health of Chinese college students during the period of COVID-19 from databases such as CNKI, Weipu, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese Biology Literature Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. Using RevMan 5.4 software to meta-analyze the literature, to study the mental health of Chinese college students during the period of COVID-19. The results showed (1) During the period of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, only the terrorist factor scores of college students were higher than the national college student norm, and the scores of other factors were lower than the national college student norm. Only the paranoid and psychotic factors were statistically significant, and the effect sizes of other factors were all No statistical significance (P>0.05). (2) The scores of all factors of college students during the period of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic were higher than those of SARS college students. Except for anxiety and terror factors, the effect sizes of other factors were not statistically significant (P>0.05). (3) Factors such as gender, ethnicity, discipline, place of origin, and major have an impact on the research results. During the new crown pneumonia epidemic, universities in our country were under the influence of certain psychological stress. For students of different genders, ethnicities, disciplines, and majors, different programs were adopted in the content and methods of psychological assistance. © 2022 IEEE.
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Although COVID-19 is far away, the impact of the pandemic on the management of higher education remains. Within the field of entrepreneurship education research, the influence of institutional management on teacher entrepreneurship competency (TEC) has attracted more attention as they are considered one of the key engines of economic recovery. Using quantitative research as well as SEM, a total of 1241 entrepreneurship education faculty members at China's double first-class universities were surveyed using a questionnaire. The results suggest that entrepreneurship group management (EGM) and mechanism protection (EMP) in institutions have a positive predictive effect on TEC, while a partial mediating effect exists after considering teacher entrepreneurial behaviours (TEB) (including Teacher's behaviour of innovation and autonomy (BIA) and resource seeking and management (BSM)). Overall, the management of entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities has a good effect on the development of TEC. Thus, the application of tripartite interaction theory in entrepreneurship education institutions provides a good reference for the personal sustainable development of entrepreneurship teachers. The significance of institutional management for teachers should shift from the traditional provision of work to professional development and growth. © 2023 The Authors
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has imposed great medical and economic burdens on human society, and nanotechnology is a promising technique for managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To drive further studies on anti-COVID-19 nanotechnology, this paper provides an analysis, from a bibliometric perspective, of the intersection of nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Methods: We analyzed the 2585 publications on nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 included in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 2019 to March 2022 to determine the bibliometric landscape. The basic bibliometric characteristics are summarized in this article. Results: Our bibliometric analysis revealed that the intersection between nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is a cutting-edge field in the science community and that the related studies were multidisciplinary in nature. Studies on the structural basis of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 detection assays, and mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 provided the development foundation for this field. Conclusions: The current research focuses are the development of nanomaterial-based vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 detection methods, and the design of nanomedicines carrying SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors is a relatively burgeoning frontier. In summary, this bibliometric analysis of the intersection of nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 highlights the current research focuses of this field to inspire future studies on anti-COVID-19 nanotechnologies. © 2022
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Objective To analyze the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in household environment and public place environment of Huangpu District, and describe the feature of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in the environment exposure to the infected cases, so as to support the control strategies such as disinfection and health communication. Methods The results of RT-PCR test for the environmental samples exposure to the cases infected by SARS-CoV-2 during February 1 to March 31 2022 in Huangpu District of Shanghai were collected as the research data. Pearson χ2 was used to test the significance of the differences between positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 contamination. Results From February 1 to March 31, household environment samples had a higher positive rate (6.47%, 234/3 618) of SARS-CoV-2 contamination while the public place samples had a lower one (1.22%, 47/3 582) in Huangpu District of Shanghai (χ2=141.908, P<0.01). Among the household buildings, the lane houses of old style representing poorer living condition had the highest positive rates (8.31%, 96/1 155) of SARS-CoV-2 contamination while the apartments representing better living condition had the lowest (3.59%, 22/612) (F=5.25 P<0.05). Among the samples from household environment, samples regarding sewerage had the highest positive rates (13.30%, 58/436) of SARS-CoV-2 contamination, while samples regarding the tool of cooking and sweeping had the lowest (3.10%, 17/548) (F=9.84 P<0.01). Among the samples from public place environment, samples regarding entertainment tools had the highest positive rates (13.33%, 2/15) of SARS-CoV-2 contamination, while samples regarding the tool of cooking and sweeping had the lowest (0.62%, 4/646) (F=4.22 P<0.01). Conclusion In the environment exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 infected cases, the disinfection, ventilation and cleaning should be intensified strictly. SARS-CoV-2's surviving in sewage environment should be evaluation dynamically. More health communication should be pushed to people of poorer living condition. © 2022 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All rights reserved.
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The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused great attention around the world. SARS-CoV-2 possesses characteristics of faster transmission, immune escape, and occult transmission by many mutation, which caused still grim situation of prevention and control. Early detection and isolation of patients are still the most effective measures at present. So, there is an urgent need for new rapid and highly sensitive testing tools to quickly identify infected patients as soon as possible. This review briefly introduces general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and provides recentl overview and analysis based on different detection methods for nucleic acids, antibodies, antigens as detection target. Novel nano-biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection are analyzed based on optics, electricity, magnetism, and visualization. In view of the advantages of nanotechnology in improving detection sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the research progress of new nano-biosensors is introduced in detail, including SERS-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, magnetic nano-biosensors and colorimetric biosensors. Functions and challenges of nano-materials in construction of new nano-biosensors are discussed, which provides ideas for the development of various coronavirus biosensing technologies for nanomaterial researchers.
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This work tested the hypothesis that infection causes unexplained production of anti-centromere protein antibodies (ACA) via autoimmune cross-reactivity. To further examine the clinical origin of ACA, the overlapped peptides between human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi and centromere proteins (CENP-A, CENP-B and CENP-C) were assessed. We found a broad overlap of pathogenetic peptides with human centromere proteins. These data indicate potential immune cross-reactivity between pathogens and human centromere proteins. Additionally, the current findings corroborate a molecular and mechanistic framework for autoimmune disorders related to infection. Moreover, preliminary evidence for a potential role of infection in ACA-related autoimmune diseases was presented. © 2022 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology.
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A quantitative understanding of people's mobility patterns is crucial for many applications. However, it is difficult to accurately estimate mobility, in particular during disruption such as the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we investigate the use of multiple sources of data from mobile phones, road traffic sensors, and companies such as Google and Facebook in modelling mobility patterns, with the aim of estimating mobility flows in Finland in early 2020, before and during the disruption induced by the pandemic. We find that the highest accuracy is provided by a model that combines a past baseline from mobile phone data with up-to-date road traffic data, followed by the radiation and gravity models similarly augmented with traffic data. Our results highlight the usefulness of publicly available road traffic data in mobility modelling and, in general, pave the way for a data fusion approach to estimating mobility flows. © 2022 The Author(s)
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The outbreak of COVID-19 had a huge impact on the financial market. As a new growth point in China, it's necessary to study how SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) represented by listed companies on the GEM (growth enterprise market) can withstand sudden shocks. This paper examines the impact of Wuhan's COVID-19 lockdown on the financial markets based on the data of GEM listed companies and the method of event analysis. The results show that investors had a great response to epidemic related news. Compared with the interest rate cut policy, the targeted RRR reduction policy had a more significant positive influence on the financial markets. Furthermore, in the early stages of COVID-19, there was not a significant effect of distance on the firms' CARs (cumulative abnormal returns). In an improving epidemic environment, the farther the firms were from Wuhan City, the more positive the impact on their CARs would be. This paper provides new evidence and important enlightenment for preventing the impact of public health emergencies on the GEM market and highlights the significance of developing digital inclusive finance, which can mitigate regional risk and financing issues. Copyright © 2023 Wang, Huang and Wang.
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Because of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more people are choosing to buy food online, including eggs. Although this mode of shopping is very modern, many Chinese consumers lack scientific knowledge when selecting eggs. In this study, we used the multivariate statistical analysis and sensory analysis to evaluate and compare the qualities of online sale of free-range and cage eggs. How feeding conditions influence the quality of eggs and how physical characteristics influence the price of eggs were also studied in this work. Our research showed that there is a lack of scientific support for distinguish free-range eggs from cage eggs on the appearance, the color of the yolk does not represent the amount of protein in yolk which may actually be affected by fodders. Moreover, the nutritional quality of free-range eggs is no better than that of cage eggs. Sensory analysis showed that free-range eggs taste better, which is likely because of the higher yolk ratio. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that Rearing systems, fodder type and yolk color have significant impact on the price (Price = 0.428 × Rearing system −0.235 × Fodder type + 0.191 × Yolk color). © 2023, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.
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In this paper, we measure the risk interdependence of 12 major cryptocurrencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a GARCH-Copula-VaR approach and a dynamic network analysis. We find that cryptocurrencies generally show high levels of volatility, speculation, homogeneity and tail risk contagion. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has a continuous impact on the cryptocurrency market. When financial institutions are increasingly investing in crypto assets, the hidden risks in the cryptocurrency market remain high. Therefore, this paper calls for attention on the cryptocurrency market from both investors and regulators.
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PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak and the international communication management of Chinese diplomats as a case for extending the definition of intermestic public diplomacy. The goal was to reveal how Beijing subtly used both domestic and foreign social media to organize a network for communication about COVID-19 and purposefully soften the highly centralized and hierarchical political propaganda of the Communist Party of China (CPC).Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature on digital public diplomacy, the authors applied the existing concept of intermestic to Chinese politics in order to demonstrate the digitalization of public diplomacy, along with its forms and strategies under an authoritarian regime. A hybrid methodology combining quantitative network analysis and qualitative discourse analysis permits examination of China's intermestic online communication network dynamics, shedding light on how such an intermestic practice promoted Chinese values and power to international publics in the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis.FindingsThe authors' findings extend the implications of intermestic public diplomacy from a democratic context to an authoritarian one. By analyzing the content of public diplomacy and para-diplomatic social media accounts in China and abroad at the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis, the authors outlined China's early crisis management, explaining its intermestic public diplomacy transmission modes and strategies. Moreover, the authors identified changes in the narrative strategies of Chinese diplomats and journalists during this process.Social implicationsThe findings of this study underline that Beijing established a narrative-making virtual communication structure for disseminating favorable Chinese strategic narratives and voices through differentiated communication on domestic and foreign social media platforms. Such intermestic communication strategies were particularly evident and even further weaponized by Beijing in its large-scale Wolf Warrior diplomacy in the spring of 2020. Thus, the study's findings help readers understand how China digitalized its public diplomacy, its digital communication patterns and strategies.Originality/valueOn the one hand, geopolitical uncertainty and the popularity of social media have contributed to the evolution of the intermestic model of public diplomacy. This model allows actors to coordinate homogenous and differentiated communication practices to deploy their influence. On the other hand, the authors did not examine how intermestic audiences perceive and receive public diplomacy practices. In future studies, scholars should measure the agenda-setting capacity of diplomatic actors by examining the effects of such intermestic communication efforts.
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The COVID-19 epidemic has swept the world, causing serious impact and influence on economic development and residents' life in countries all over the world. This paper takes China as an example, further analyses the characteristics of China's hierarchical medical model based on the international hierarchical medical research planning, and proposes the application of "big data analysis + hierarchical medical" model for the new coronavirus epidemic and other public health emergencies based on the advantages of big data application to solve public health crises, in order to provide a reference for the planning of hierarchical medical system during the epidemic. It is expected to provide reference for the planning of hierarchical medical and health system during the epidemic, which is an innovative attempt of the medical industry. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
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Dr. Ilan Manor is a leading scholar in the digitalization of public diplomacy and a senior lecturer at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev. From the beginning of his academic career, Dr. Manor invested in researching the digitalized practices and strategies of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and conceptualized the expression “the digitalization of public diplomacy” to explore how digital technologies shape the norms, values, and working routines of diplomats and diplomatic institutions. Based on the hypothesis of transparency as the core of social media technology, Dr. Manor mentioned that diplomacy has also had to become more open, especially in public diplomacy. Traditional secret diplomatic negotiations are under universal scrutiny by netizens because they are digitalized. Thus, the public wants diplomats to be more open and transparent in their professional activities. However, digitalization also brought a series of communication problems, especially in the time of geopolitical uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war. In the academic dialogue, Dr. Manor has analyzed the conceptualization, practices, and challenges of the digitalization of public diplomacy in the framework of the current geopolitical context and global crisis and reviewed the long-term conceptual debate in public diplomacy scholarship on the value of soft power in the digital age. The last part of this dialogue focused on using visual supports in the international communication arena, criticizing the omnipresent use of memes and gifs of the Russian and Ukrainian governments during the war and questioning the public(s) in the digitalization of public diplomacy. © The Author(s) 2022.